CK−Calvin Klein
Calvin Klein Inc. is an American fashion brand founded in 1968 by Calvin Klein.
In 1968, Calvin Klein who was to manage the business, founded Calvin Klein Ltd., a coat shop in the York Hotel, in New York City with $10,000. His first designer (tailor/patternmaker) was Jacob Shmaltz, a holocaust survivor who had emigrated from Israel in 1959. Legend has it that a year later, in 1969, a buyer from Bonwit Teller got off the elevator on the wrong floor, and ended up placing a $50,000 order. It is more likely though, that Klein showed his work to Bonwit Teller staff, which led to the first Calvin Klein collection: a line of men's and women's coats featured at the New York City store.
In 1969, Mr. Klein, who was later described as "the supreme master of minimalism," appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine. By 1971, sportswear, classic blazers as well as lingerie were added to his women's collection portfolio.
In 1973, he was awarded the Coty Award for the first time, which he received for three consecutive years, for his 74-piece womenswear collection. By 1977, annual revenues had jumped to $30 million, and he had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and sheets. Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein's annual retail volume was estimated at $100 million. In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune magazine figured Klein's annual income at $8.5 million a year. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. The jeans were famously advertised with a commercial featuring a 15-year-old Brooke Shields cooing in 1979/80 that "nothing comes between me and my Calvins" and "I've got seven Calvins in my closet, and if they could talk, I'd be ruined." Controversial advertising, including a series of ads featuring adolescents in sexually evocative poses, has been a recurring theme for the company. Shields advertised for Klein underwear in 1984 as well.
In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up its own fragrance and cosmetics business, but soon withdrew from the market with big financial losses. In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year. Calvin Klein’s underwear business, promoted later in the 1990s with giant billboards showing images of pop singer "Marky Mark" Mark Wahlberg, was so successful that his underpants became generally known as "Calvins".
The stunning growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974, had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later. That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $600 million. Klein's clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries. His annual income passed $12 million.
Financial problems, increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.
Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 90s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sportswear line. Mr. Klein was named "America's Best Designer" for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and it came as a surprise in 1999 when it was announced that CKI was again up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy's Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI's steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Mr. Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company would never manage to go public, which had supposedly been Mr. Klein's plan once.
In June 2008, Calvin Klein started to sponsor America's Next Top Male Model, allowing the winner to embark on a 100,000 dollar contract as well as a runway show, as a bonus, to launch their career.
In the early 1990s, Klein created an upscale Home Collection which included bedding, bath towels, terry bathrobes and bath accessories. (Initially, the basic towels were custom produced by Fieldcrest (Pillowtex) and most of the bedding was custom produced by Home Innovators.)[1]
In the early 2000s, a new urban popularly-priced line of bedding and bath called The Khaki Collection was created with slightly lower thread counts. This line was discontinued in 2006.
CK−Calvin Klein カルバン・クライン
カルバン・クライン（Calvin Klein, 1942年11月19日 - ）は、アメリカを代表するファッションデザイナー。
彼の名を冠したファッションは世界的なブランドである。彼の名言「全てはカッティングから始まる」の通り、作品のシルエットはボディラインを強調した洗練されたものである。
しかし本国アメリカでは、1990年代半ばからディスカウントショップでの大量低価格販売による大衆化が進み、ブランド価値が著しく下がった。それに伴い、最近ではディスカウントショップでの販売を規制する動きを見せている。
また同ブランドのセカンドラインは、「ck(シーケー) Calvin Klein」である。日本においては本来の「Calvin Klein Collection」よりも価格設定が低いこちらの方が一般的である。
1942年 - アメリカ・ニューヨークブロンクス区に生まれる。ユダヤ系ハンガリー人移民の家庭で育つ。
1962年 - ニューヨーク州立ファッション工科大学短期大学部卒業。
1968年 - 幼馴染で親友のバリー・シュワルツと共にCalvin Klein社設立。レディースウェアのプレタポルテコレクションを手掛け始める。
1972年 - スポーツウェア部門設立。同年3月、化粧品・香水部門の会社を設立。
1973年 - 最年少でコティ賞を受賞。以後1975年まで、3年連続この賞を受賞する。
1970年代後半 - ジーンズ・下着を手掛け始める。
1983年 - カウンシル賞を受賞。
1992年 - セカンドライン「ck Calvin Klein」創設。
1993年 - レディース・メンズ両部門でデザイナー・オブ・ザ・イヤー受賞。
1995年 - ニューヨーク マディソン・アベニューに旗艦店をオープン。ヨーロッパで最初の「Calvin Klein Collection」を開催。
2001年 - 本国アメリカ市場からセカンドライン「ck Calvin Klein」を撤退。
2002年 - Calvin Klein社を4億3000万ドル(約520億円)でアメリカのアパレル会社フィリップス・バン・ヒューゼン（PVH）に売却し、PVH傘下に入る。
2003年 - クライン、デザイナーを引退。
2004年 - 後任デザイナーに、レディスはグッチで活躍していたフランシスコ・コスタが、メンズはロメオ・ジリのデザインチームにいたイタロ・ズッケーリが就任。
日本においては1975年に伊勢丹から、アメリカ人デザイナー第1号としてクラインの作品が発売されている。
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